Stemming the "ageism pandemic": A qualitative inquiry with older adults in residential care facilities during the Covid-19 outbreak.

The Covid-19 pandemic added to collective concerns, making health risks salient especially for the older population. The health emergency exacerbated an already widespread negative representation of aging, and phenomena such as ageism. With the present qualitative inquiry, 21 episodic interviews were collected with the aim of understanding the experience of older adults in residential care facilities, exploring their ideas of aging and the viewpoints that helped them to respond to the pandemic successfully. A thematic analysis was conducted using NudIst software. The results show that participants described multiple personal and relational resources they used to cope with the pandemic, and they were able to express counter-narratives to the ideas of aging as coinciding with decline, and of lockdown as a source of distress alone. The paper concludes with reflections on the relevance of research capable of challenging unhelpful dominant discourses and averting the risk of them turning into negative prophecies.

Self-positions and narratives facilitating or hindering posttraumatic growth: A qualitative analysis with migrant women of Nigerian descent survivors of trafficking.

OBJECTIVE: The literature on sex trafficking has given a great deal of space to the effects on mental health, while little has been devoted to the stories of survivors. This study aims to explore the first-hand stories of immigrant women of Nigerian descent trafficking survivors, describing a qualitative analysis of psychotherapy sessions with them. Within the theoretical framework of Dialogical Self Theory, we explored and invited into dialogue the I-positions generated when individuals have traumatic experiences such as sex trafficking. Analyzing the themes emerging from 5 psychotherapy pathways developed taking a narrative and dialogical approach, we explored the narratives that facilitated posttraumatic growth (PTG) and those that hindered it. METHOD: Five women survivors of sex trafficking were followed in a narrative psychotherapy journey. A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcripts of the therapeutic pathways, highlighting the positions of the self identified in the narratives and the main content of the women's stories. RESULTS: We identified 2 main themes in the narratives facilitating PTG, and 3 in the narratives acting as barriers thereto. CONCLUSION: When addressing traumatic experiences, taking into account the polyphony of the individuals narrating them, and identifying which of their narratives can facilitate or hinder their PTG can be a useful resource in therapeutic and social work with survivors of trafficking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Resisting ageism through lifelong learning. Mature students' counter-narratives to the construction of aging as decline.

This study aims to investigate the narratives of some "mature" students who are challenging the widely-shared view that studying, and learning new things, is a prerogative of young people. Twenty-five narrative interviews were conducted with older people enrolled at the University of Padua, Italy, to shed light on the motives, values, self-image, and personal solutions that supported their decision to resume and successfully pursue a path of studies at a "non-canonical" age. Starting from perspectives that emphasize the social dimension of meaning-making activity, we explore the counter-narratives functional to the deconstruction of "age prejudice". The results that emerge from a thematic and structural narrative analysis show some common themes and three different counter-narratives through which respondents try to challenge the idea that they are too old to study. The paper ends with some considerations on the degree of efficacy with which these counter-narratives can resist age prejudice, identifying cases in which they favor change on a personal, social, or cultural level.

"I'm too Old for " looking into a self-Sabotage rhetoric and its counter-narratives in an Italian setting.

The aim of this study was to analyze a narrative amply shared in the social and cultural spheres that makes people tend to see themselves as 'too old for …' (TOF) making personal life choices or following up their projects. This social construction risks preventing people from taking action to achieve their goals and develop their potential for self-fulfillment, with negative consequences on a personal level. Seventy-eight episodic interviews were conducted with adults of various ages to shed light on the recurrent topics with which the TOF narrative tends to be associated. Taking a pragmatic stance, the counter-narratives available for its deconstruction were also elicited and explored. The results emerging from a content analysis indicate that the TOF narrative is associated with different topics, partly depending on an individual's age and gender, while the counter-narratives identified by respondents hinge on several ideas and dominant beliefs that can be classified as belonging to three essential types. The implications of the investigation are discussed, also with reference to problems of social relevance such as those relating to the NEET (not in education, employment or training) issue, and to the social isolation of the elderly.

Pain as social representation: a study with Italian health professionals involved in the 'Hospital and District without Pain' project.

Pain is a complex issue with many different aspects concerning both sensorial and emotional experience. In recent years, the Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) network has been encouraging a new vision in health structures, with the aim of reducing any form of pain wherever possible. Following the social representation approach, we explore the concept of 'pain' as it is continuously redefined, constructed and shared among health professionals involved in an HPH project named 'Hospital and District without Pain'. Three hundred and eighty-three professionals (doctors, nurses and local general practitioners referring to the hospital of Rovigo, Italy) were involved in a free association task with the aim of exploring the social representation of pain. Contents were further investigated by means of four focus group discussions. Results suggest that the representation of pain is strongly connected to medical knowledge and to functional aspects of the health practice. Other forms of pain-more relational, psychological or emotional-which do not fall within the aetiopathogenetic system of diagnosis, cannot be managed with the traditional tools of the health practice, and are not perceived to be handled with the professionals' competence. Results will be discussed in relation to general health promotion principles and to a specific initiative on the issue of pain carried out by the HPH-Veneto network.

Representações sociais do envelhecimento entre diferentes gerações no Brasil e na Itália / Social representations of aging between different generations in Brazil and Italy

As representações sociais do envelhecimento podem ser diferentes de acordo com a cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as representações do envelhecimento no Brasil e na Itália. Participaram 360 sujeitos distribuídos igualmente entre as nacionalidades, sexo e grupo etário. O questionário apresentou questões fechadas e abertas. Os resultados indicam associação das variáveis sociais (sexo, grupo etário e contexto cultural) com duas representações de envelhecimento: uma, na qual as relações sociais e a atividade completam a ideia de um momento exitoso, em que experiência de vida produziu sabedoria diante da vida, e outra como um processo que, embora traga experiência e sabedoria, resulta em declínio, doenças, inatividade e incapacidades, indicando o fim da vida.

The social representations of aging may differ according to culture. The aim of this study was to compare the representations of aging in Brazil and in Italy. The participants were 360 subjects equally distributed between nationalities, sex and age group. The questionnaire presented closed and open ended questions. The results indicate the association of social variables (sex, age group and cultural context) with two representations of aging: one, where social relations and activity complete the idea of a successful moment in which life experience produced wisdom toward life, and another as a process that, although bring experience and wisdom, results in decline, illness, inactivity and incapacity, indicating the end of life.

Representações sociais do envelhecimento entre diferentes gerações no Brasil e na Itália / Social representations of aging between different generations in Brazil and Italy

As representações sociais do envelhecimento podem ser diferentes de acordo com a cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as representações do envelhecimento no Brasil e na Itália. Participaram 360 sujeitos distribuídos igualmente entre as nacionalidades, sexo e grupo etário. O questionário apresentou questões fechadas e abertas. Os resultados indicam associação das variáveis sociais (sexo, grupo etário e contexto cultural) com duas representações de envelhecimento: uma, na qual as relações sociais e a atividade completam a ideia de um momento exitoso, em que experiência de vida produziu sabedoria diante da vida, e outra como um processo que, embora traga experiência e sabedoria, resulta em declínio, doenças, inatividade e incapacidades, indicando o fim da vida.(AU).

The social representations of aging may differ according to culture. The aim of this study was to compare the representations of aging in Brazil and in Italy. The participants were 360 subjects equally distributed between nationalities, sex and age group. The questionnaire presented closed and open ended questions. The results indicate the association of social variables (sex, age group and cultural context) with two representations of aging: one, where social relations and activity complete the idea of a successful moment in which life experience produced wisdom toward life, and another as a process that, although bring experience and wisdom, results in decline, illness, inactivity and incapacity, indicating the end of life.(AU)

Social representations and stakes across borders: studying ageing in times of change / Representações sociais e desafios além de fronteiras: estudando o envelhecimento em tempos de mudança

After a brief overview of recent approaches to the study of ageing between stereotypes and representations, a study is presented in order to explore the social representations of the elderly in three contexts differing for age structure of the population and for main institutional stakes. Brazilian, German and Italian data were collected via a free association task to the stimulus-word "the elderly" and analysed through content and correspondence analysis. The results bring partial support to the expectations as the three national groups present some differences, both in the content of the representation and in positions taken along the detected underlying dimensions, which appear to reflect and re-launch differences in political and public agendas. Methodological issues concerning cross- and inter-cultural research are also raised and discussed.(AU)

Depois de um breve panorama das abordagens recentes para o estudo do envelhecimento entre estereótipos e representações, um estudo é apresentado com o intuito de explorar as representações sociais do idoso em três contextos diferenciados quanto à estrutura etária da população e aos principais desafios institucionais. Dados brasileiros, alemães e italianos foram coletados por meio de uma tarefa de associação livre para a palavra-estímulo "o idoso" e foram analisados através de análise de conteúdo e correspondências. Os resultados trazem suporte parcial para as expectativas, já que os três grupos nacionais apresentam algumas diferenças tanto no conteúdo da representação, quanto nas posições assumidas ao longo das dimensões subjacentes detectadas, que aparentam refletir e relançar diferenças nas agendas políticas e públicas. Questões metodológicas envolvendo a pesquisa cultural comparativa e intercultural também são levantadas e discutidas.(AU)

Italian students' social representation on aging: an exploratory study of a representational system / Representações sociais de estudantes italianos sobre o envelhecimento: um estudo exploratório de um sistema representacional

In various countries there are studies aimed at characterizing social representations on aging, but little is known about their relations with other representations. The present study proposes to characterize those relations through the notion of representational systems. An exploratory survey has been conducted with 151 Italian undergraduate students. They have completed evocation tasks about seven social objects linked to aging and also rated the distances among them. Distance ratings went through similarity analysis, while a prototypical analysis was carried out for aging and three objects: death, health and family. The results indicate possible content connections among representation elements and suggest a conjunction relationship between aging and family. The notion of representational systems opens possibilities for more refined representational characterizations.

Há pesquisas em diversos países sobre representações sociais sobre envelhecimento, mas pouco se sabe sobre suas relações com outras representações. O presente estudo visa caracterizar essas relações através da noção de sistema representacional. Um levantamento de dados exploratório foi conduzido com 151 universitários italianos que completaram tarefas de evocações sobre sete objetos sociais ligados ao envelhecimento e avaliaram as distâncias entre eles. As avaliações de distância passaram por análise de similitude, enquanto que análises prototípicas foram realizadas para envelhecimento e três objetos: morte, saúde e família. Os resultados indicam possíveis conexões de conteúdos entre elementos das representações e sugerem uma relação de conjunção entre envelhecimento e família. A noção de sistemas representacionais abre possibilidades para o refinamento de caracterizações representacionais.

Italian students' social representation on aging: an exploratory study of a representational system / Representações sociais de estudantes italianos sobre o envelhecimento: um estudo exploratório de um sistema representacional

In various countries there are studies aimed at characterizing social representations on aging, but little is known about their relations with other representations. The present study proposes to characterize those relations through the notion of representational systems. An exploratory survey has been conducted with 151 Italian undergraduate students. They have completed evocation tasks about seven social objects linked to aging and also rated the distances among them. Distance ratings went through similarity analysis, while a prototypical analysis was carried out for aging and three objects: death, health and family. The results indicate possible content connections among representation elements and suggest a conjunction relationship between aging and family. The notion of representational systems opens possibilities for more refined representational characterizations.(AU)

Há pesquisas em diversos países sobre representações sociais sobre envelhecimento, mas pouco se sabe sobre suas relações com outras representações. O presente estudo visa caracterizar essas relações através da noção de sistema representacional. Um levantamento de dados exploratório foi conduzido com 151 universitários italianos que completaram tarefas de evocações sobre sete objetos sociais ligados ao envelhecimento e avaliaram as distâncias entre eles. As avaliações de distância passaram por análise de similitude, enquanto que análises prototípicas foram realizadas para envelhecimento e três objetos: morte, saúde e família. Os resultados indicam possíveis conexões de conteúdos entre elementos das representações e sugerem uma relação de conjunção entre envelhecimento e família. A noção de sistemas representacionais abre possibilidades para o refinamento de caracterizações representacionais.(AU)

Social representations on aging: Structural differences concerning age group and cultural context / Representaciones sociales del envejecimiento: Diferencias estructurales relacionadas con la edad y el contexto cultural

Mainly due to the salience of the world population aging phenomenon, aging and old age are consistently gaining relevance in social life and pointing out to the importance of characterizing the social representations about the topic. After identifying the need of systematic structural research at the level of structural status and basic cognitive scheme activation related to the social representations on aging, two controlled survey studies were conducted to assess the roles of age group and cultural context to differentiate representational structures. Gender was also taken into account. Study 1 had a sample of 80 Italian participants balanced by gender and age group (young and mature). Study 2 had a similar design, comparing the results from the young Italian sample to a group of 40 young Brazilians. Instruments were questionnaires with standard basic cognitive schemes tasks and centrality questionnaires. Log-linear analysis and one-way chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. Results indicated that both, in terms of structural status and scheme activation, the age group and cultural context variables are associated to representational differences, while the role of gender was restricted to peripheral modulations. The study sets foundations for further basic and applied research by providing a baseline structural characterization.

Principalmente debido a la relevancia del fenómeno del envejecimiento de la población mundial, el envejecimiento y la vejez están constantemente ganando relevancia en la vida social y señalando la importancia de caracterizar las representaciones sociales sobre el tema. Tras identificar la necesidad de la investigación estructural sistemática a nivel del estatus estructural y la activación de esquemas cognitivos básicos relacionados con las representaciones sociales sobre el envejecimiento, se llevaron a cabo dos encuestas científicas controladas para evaluar las funciones del grupo de edad y del contexto cultural y para diferenciar las estructuras de representación. También se tuvo en cuenta el género. En el estudio 1 la muestra fué de 80 participantes italianos equilibrada por sexo y grupo etáreo. El estudio 2 tuvo un diseño similar, comparando los resultados de la muestra de jóvenes italianos con un grupo de 40 jóvenes brasileños. Los instrumentos fueron cuestionarios con tareas de esquemas cognitivos básicos estándar y cuestionarios de centralidad. El análisis log-lineal y pruebas de chi cuadrado de una via fueron empleados para el análisis de datos. Los resultados indicaron que tanto en términos del estatus estructural como de la activación de esquemas, el grupo de edad y la variable contexto cultural están asociados a las diferencias en las representaciones, mientras que el papel del género se limita a modulaciones periféricas. El estudio establece las bases para futuras investigaciones básicas y aplicadas, proporcionando una caracterización estructural de base.